src/render/direct3d/SDL_render_d3d.c

/*
  Simple DirectMedia Layer
  Copyright (C) 1997-2013 Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/
#include "SDL_config.h"

#if SDL_VIDEO_RENDER_D3D && !SDL_RENDER_DISABLED


#include "../../core/windows/SDL_windows.h"

#include "SDL_hints.h"
#include "SDL_loadso.h"
#include "SDL_syswm.h"
#include "../SDL_sysrender.h"
#include <stdio.h>

#if SDL_VIDEO_RENDER_D3D
#define D3D_DEBUG_INFO
#include <d3d9.h>
#endif


typedef interface ID3DXMatrixStack *LPD3DXMATRIXSTACK;
typedef struct _D3DMATRIX D3DXMATRIX, *LPD3DXMATRIX;
typedef struct _D3DVECTOR D3DXVECTOR3, *LPD3DXVECTOR3;

DEFINE_GUID(IID_ID3DXMatrixStack,
0xc7885ba7, 0xf990, 0x4fe7, 0x92, 0x2d, 0x85, 0x15, 0xe4, 0x77, 0xdd, 0x85);

#undef INTERFACE
#define INTERFACE ID3DXMatrixStack

DECLARE_INTERFACE_(ID3DXMatrixStack, IUnknown)
{
    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID riid, LPVOID * ppvObj) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(Pop)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(Push)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(LoadIdentity)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(LoadMatrix)(THIS_ CONST D3DXMATRIX* pM ) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(MultMatrix)(THIS_ CONST D3DXMATRIX* pM ) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(MultMatrixLocal)(THIS_ CONST D3DXMATRIX* pM ) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(RotateAxis)(THIS_ CONST D3DXVECTOR3* pV, FLOAT Angle) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(RotateAxisLocal)(THIS_ CONST D3DXVECTOR3* pV, FLOAT Angle) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(RotateYawPitchRoll)(THIS_ FLOAT Yaw, FLOAT Pitch, FLOAT Roll) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(RotateYawPitchRollLocal)(THIS_ FLOAT Yaw, FLOAT Pitch, FLOAT Roll) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(Scale)(THIS_ FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(ScaleLocal)(THIS_ FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(Translate)(THIS_ FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z ) PURE;
    STDMETHOD(TranslateLocal)(THIS_ FLOAT x, FLOAT y, FLOAT z) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(D3DXMATRIX*, GetTop)(THIS) PURE;
};

#undef INTERFACE

#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(CINTERFACE)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_QueryInterface(p,a,b)            (p)->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(p,a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_AddRef(p)                        (p)->lpVtbl->AddRef(p)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Release(p)                       (p)->lpVtbl->Release(p)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Pop(p)                           (p)->lpVtbl->Pop(p)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Push(p)                          (p)->lpVtbl->Push(p)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadIdentity(p)                  (p)->lpVtbl->LoadIdentity(p)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadMatrix(p,a)                  (p)->lpVtbl->LoadMatrix(p,a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_MultMatrix(p,a)                  (p)->lpVtbl->MultMatrix(p,a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_MultMatrixLocal(p,a)             (p)->lpVtbl->MultMatrixLocal(p,a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateAxis(p,a,b)                (p)->lpVtbl->RotateAxis(p,a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateAxisLocal(p,a,b)           (p)->lpVtbl->RotateAxisLocal(p,a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateYawPitchRoll(p,a,b,c)      (p)->lpVtbl->RotateYawPitchRoll(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateYawPitchRollLocal(p,a,b,c) (p)->lpVtbl->RotateYawPitchRollLocal(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Scale(p,a,b,c)                   (p)->lpVtbl->Scale(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_ScaleLocal(p,a,b,c)              (p)->lpVtbl->ScaleLocal(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Translate(p,a,b,c)               (p)->lpVtbl->Translate(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_TranslateLocal(p,a,b,c)          (p)->lpVtbl->TranslateLocal(p,a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_GetTop(p)                        (p)->lpVtbl->GetTop(p)
#else
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_QueryInterface(p,a,b)            (p)->QueryInterface(a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_AddRef(p)                        (p)->AddRef()
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Release(p)                       (p)->Release()
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Pop(p)    (p)->Pop()
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Push(p)    (p)->Push()
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadIdentity(p)    (p)->LoadIdentity()
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadMatrix(p,a)    (p)->LoadMatrix(a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_MultMatrix(p,a)    (p)->MultMatrix(a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_MultMatrixLocal(p,a)    (p)->MultMatrixLocal(a)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateAxis(p,a,b)    (p)->RotateAxis(a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateAxisLocal(p,a,b)    (p)->RotateAxisLocal(a,b)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateYawPitchRoll(p,a,b,c)    (p)->RotateYawPitchRollLocal(a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Scale(p,a,b,c)    (p)->Scale(a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_ScaleLocal(p,a,b,c)    (p)->ScaleLocal(a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_Translate(p,a,b,c)    (p)->Translate(a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_TranslateLocal(p,a,b,c)    (p)->TranslateLocal(a,b,c)
#define ID3DXMatrixStack_GetTop(p)    (p)->GetTop()
#endif

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

HRESULT WINAPI D3DXCreateMatrixStack(DWORD flags, LPD3DXMATRIXSTACK* ppstack);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

#ifdef ASSEMBLE_SHADER
/**************************************************************************
 * ID3DXBuffer:
 * ------------
 * The buffer object is used by D3DX to return arbitrary size data.
 *
 * GetBufferPointer -
 *    Returns a pointer to the beginning of the buffer.
 *
 * GetBufferSize -
 *    Returns the size of the buffer, in bytes.
 **************************************************************************/

typedef interface ID3DXBuffer ID3DXBuffer;
typedef interface ID3DXBuffer *LPD3DXBUFFER;

/* {8BA5FB08-5195-40e2-AC58-0D989C3A0102} */
DEFINE_GUID(IID_ID3DXBuffer,
0x8ba5fb08, 0x5195, 0x40e2, 0xac, 0x58, 0xd, 0x98, 0x9c, 0x3a, 0x1, 0x2);

#undef INTERFACE
#define INTERFACE ID3DXBuffer

typedef interface ID3DXBuffer {
    const struct ID3DXBufferVtbl FAR* lpVtbl;
} ID3DXBuffer;
typedef const struct ID3DXBufferVtbl ID3DXBufferVtbl;
const struct ID3DXBufferVtbl
{
    /* IUnknown */
    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID iid, LPVOID *ppv) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)(THIS) PURE;

    /* ID3DXBuffer */
    STDMETHOD_(LPVOID, GetBufferPointer)(THIS) PURE;
    STDMETHOD_(DWORD, GetBufferSize)(THIS) PURE;
};

HRESULT WINAPI
    D3DXAssembleShader(
        LPCSTR                          pSrcData,
        UINT                            SrcDataLen,
        CONST LPVOID*                   pDefines,
        LPVOID                          pInclude,
        DWORD                           Flags,
        LPD3DXBUFFER*                   ppShader,
        LPD3DXBUFFER*                   ppErrorMsgs);

static void PrintShaderData(LPDWORD shader_data, DWORD shader_size)
{
    OutputDebugStringA("const DWORD shader_data[] = {\n\t");
    {
        SDL_bool newline = SDL_FALSE;
        unsigned i;
        for (i = 0; i < shader_size / sizeof(DWORD); ++i) {
            char dword[11];
            if (i > 0) {
                if ((i%6) == 0) {
                    newline = SDL_TRUE;
                }
                if (newline) {
                    OutputDebugStringA(",\n    ");
                    newline = SDL_FALSE;
                } else {
                    OutputDebugStringA(", ");
                }
            }
            SDL_snprintf(dword, sizeof(dword), "0x%8.8x", shader_data[i]);
            OutputDebugStringA(dword);
        }
        OutputDebugStringA("\n};\n");
    }
}

#endif /* ASSEMBLE_SHADER */


/* Direct3D renderer implementation */

static SDL_Renderer *D3D_CreateRenderer(SDL_Window * window, Uint32 flags);
static void D3D_WindowEvent(SDL_Renderer * renderer,
                            const SDL_WindowEvent *event);
static int D3D_CreateTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture);
static int D3D_UpdateTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                             const SDL_Rect * rect, const void *pixels,
                             int pitch);
static int D3D_LockTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                           const SDL_Rect * rect, void **pixels, int *pitch);
static void D3D_UnlockTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture);
static int D3D_SetRenderTarget(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture);
static int D3D_UpdateViewport(SDL_Renderer * renderer);
static int D3D_UpdateClipRect(SDL_Renderer * renderer);
static int D3D_RenderClear(SDL_Renderer * renderer);
static int D3D_RenderDrawPoints(SDL_Renderer * renderer,
                                const SDL_FPoint * points, int count);
static int D3D_RenderDrawLines(SDL_Renderer * renderer,
                               const SDL_FPoint * points, int count);
static int D3D_RenderFillRects(SDL_Renderer * renderer,
                               const SDL_FRect * rects, int count);
static int D3D_RenderCopy(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                          const SDL_Rect * srcrect, const SDL_FRect * dstrect);
static int D3D_RenderCopyEx(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                          const SDL_Rect * srcrect, const SDL_FRect * dstrect,
                          const double angle, const SDL_FPoint * center, const SDL_RendererFlip flip);
static int D3D_RenderReadPixels(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_Rect * rect,
                                Uint32 format, void * pixels, int pitch);
static void D3D_RenderPresent(SDL_Renderer * renderer);
static void D3D_DestroyTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer,
                               SDL_Texture * texture);
static void D3D_DestroyRenderer(SDL_Renderer * renderer);


SDL_RenderDriver D3D_RenderDriver = {
    D3D_CreateRenderer,
    {
     "direct3d",
     (SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED | SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC | SDL_RENDERER_TARGETTEXTURE),
     1,
     {SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ARGB8888},
     0,
     0}
};

typedef struct
{
    void* d3dDLL;
    IDirect3D9 *d3d;
    IDirect3DDevice9 *device;
    UINT adapter;
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pparams;
    SDL_bool updateSize;
    SDL_bool beginScene;
    SDL_bool enableSeparateAlphaBlend;
    D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE scaleMode[8];
    IDirect3DSurface9 *defaultRenderTarget;
    IDirect3DSurface9 *currentRenderTarget;
    void* d3dxDLL;
    ID3DXMatrixStack *matrixStack;
    LPDIRECT3DPIXELSHADER9 ps_yuv;
} D3D_RenderData;

typedef struct
{
    IDirect3DTexture9 *texture;
    D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE scaleMode;

    /* YV12 texture support */
    SDL_bool yuv;
    IDirect3DTexture9 *utexture;
    IDirect3DTexture9 *vtexture;
    Uint8 *pixels;
    int pitch;
    SDL_Rect locked_rect;
} D3D_TextureData;

typedef struct
{
    float x, y, z;
    DWORD color;
    float u, v;
} Vertex;

static int
D3D_SetError(const char *prefix, HRESULT result)
{
    const char *error;

    switch (result) {
    case D3DERR_WRONGTEXTUREFORMAT:
        error = "WRONGTEXTUREFORMAT";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDCOLOROPERATION:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDCOLOROPERATION";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDCOLORARG:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDCOLORARG";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDALPHAOPERATION:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDALPHAOPERATION";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDALPHAARG:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDALPHAARG";
        break;
    case D3DERR_TOOMANYOPERATIONS:
        error = "TOOMANYOPERATIONS";
        break;
    case D3DERR_CONFLICTINGTEXTUREFILTER:
        error = "CONFLICTINGTEXTUREFILTER";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDFACTORVALUE:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDFACTORVALUE";
        break;
    case D3DERR_CONFLICTINGRENDERSTATE:
        error = "CONFLICTINGRENDERSTATE";
        break;
    case D3DERR_UNSUPPORTEDTEXTUREFILTER:
        error = "UNSUPPORTEDTEXTUREFILTER";
        break;
    case D3DERR_CONFLICTINGTEXTUREPALETTE:
        error = "CONFLICTINGTEXTUREPALETTE";
        break;
    case D3DERR_DRIVERINTERNALERROR:
        error = "DRIVERINTERNALERROR";
        break;
    case D3DERR_NOTFOUND:
        error = "NOTFOUND";
        break;
    case D3DERR_MOREDATA:
        error = "MOREDATA";
        break;
    case D3DERR_DEVICELOST:
        error = "DEVICELOST";
        break;
    case D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET:
        error = "DEVICENOTRESET";
        break;
    case D3DERR_NOTAVAILABLE:
        error = "NOTAVAILABLE";
        break;
    case D3DERR_OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY:
        error = "OUTOFVIDEOMEMORY";
        break;
    case D3DERR_INVALIDDEVICE:
        error = "INVALIDDEVICE";
        break;
    case D3DERR_INVALIDCALL:
        error = "INVALIDCALL";
        break;
    case D3DERR_DRIVERINVALIDCALL:
        error = "DRIVERINVALIDCALL";
        break;
    case D3DERR_WASSTILLDRAWING:
        error = "WASSTILLDRAWING";
        break;
    default:
        error = "UNKNOWN";
        break;
    }
    return SDL_SetError("%s: %s", prefix, error);
}

static D3DFORMAT
PixelFormatToD3DFMT(Uint32 format)
{
    switch (format) {
    case SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB565:
        return D3DFMT_R5G6B5;
    case SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB888:
        return D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8;
    case SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ARGB8888:
        return D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
    case SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12:
    case SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV:
        return D3DFMT_L8;
    default:
        return D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    }
}

static Uint32
D3DFMTToPixelFormat(D3DFORMAT format)
{
    switch (format) {
    case D3DFMT_R5G6B5:
        return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB565;
    case D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8:
        return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB888;
    case D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8:
        return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_ARGB8888;
    default:
        return SDL_PIXELFORMAT_UNKNOWN;
    }
}

static int
D3D_Reset(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    HRESULT result;

    /* Release the default render target before reset */
    if (data->defaultRenderTarget) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(data->defaultRenderTarget);
        data->defaultRenderTarget = NULL;
    }

    result = IDirect3DDevice9_Reset(data->device, &data->pparams);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        if (result == D3DERR_DEVICELOST) {
            /* Don't worry about it, we'll reset later... */
            return 0;
        } else {
            return D3D_SetError("Reset()", result);
        }
    }
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetVertexShader(data->device, NULL);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetFVF(data->device,
                            D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_CULLMODE,
                                    D3DCULL_NONE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_GetRenderTarget(data->device, 0, &data->defaultRenderTarget);
    SDL_memset(data->scaleMode, 0xFF, sizeof(data->scaleMode));
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_ActivateRenderer(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    HRESULT result;

    if (data->updateSize) {
        SDL_Window *window = renderer->window;
        int w, h;

        SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &w, &h);
        data->pparams.BackBufferWidth = w;
        data->pparams.BackBufferHeight = h;
        if (SDL_GetWindowFlags(window) & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN) {
            data->pparams.BackBufferFormat =
                PixelFormatToD3DFMT(SDL_GetWindowPixelFormat(window));
        } else {
            data->pparams.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
        }
        if (D3D_Reset(renderer) < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
        D3D_UpdateViewport(renderer);

        data->updateSize = SDL_FALSE;
    }
    if (data->beginScene) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_BeginScene(data->device);
        if (result == D3DERR_DEVICELOST) {
            if (D3D_Reset(renderer) < 0) {
                return -1;
            }
            result = IDirect3DDevice9_BeginScene(data->device);
        }
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("BeginScene()", result);
        }
        data->beginScene = SDL_FALSE;
    }
    return 0;
}

SDL_Renderer *
D3D_CreateRenderer(SDL_Window * window, Uint32 flags)
{
    SDL_Renderer *renderer;
    D3D_RenderData *data;
    SDL_SysWMinfo windowinfo;
    HRESULT result;
    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS pparams;
    IDirect3DSwapChain9 *chain;
    D3DCAPS9 caps;
    Uint32 window_flags;
    int w, h;
    SDL_DisplayMode fullscreen_mode;
    D3DMATRIX matrix;
    int d3dxVersion;
    char d3dxDLLFile[50];

    renderer = (SDL_Renderer *) SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*renderer));
    if (!renderer) {
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        return NULL;
    }

    data = (D3D_RenderData *) SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*data));
    if (!data) {
        SDL_free(renderer);
        SDL_OutOfMemory();
        return NULL;
    }

    data->d3dDLL = SDL_LoadObject("D3D9.DLL");
    if (data->d3dDLL) {
        IDirect3D9 *(WINAPI * D3DCreate) (UINT SDKVersion);

        D3DCreate =
            (IDirect3D9 * (WINAPI *) (UINT)) SDL_LoadFunction(data->d3dDLL,
                                                            "Direct3DCreate9");
        if (D3DCreate) {
            data->d3d = D3DCreate(D3D_SDK_VERSION);
        }
        if (!data->d3d) {
            SDL_UnloadObject(data->d3dDLL);
            data->d3dDLL = NULL;
        }

        for (d3dxVersion=50;d3dxVersion>0;d3dxVersion--) {
            LPTSTR dllName;
            SDL_snprintf(d3dxDLLFile, sizeof(d3dxDLLFile), "D3DX9_%02d.dll", d3dxVersion);
            dllName = WIN_UTF8ToString(d3dxDLLFile);
            data->d3dxDLL = (void *)LoadLibrary(dllName); /* not using SDL_LoadObject() as we want silently fail - no error message */
            SDL_free(dllName);
            if (data->d3dxDLL) {
                HRESULT (WINAPI *D3DXCreateMatrixStack) (DWORD Flags, LPD3DXMATRIXSTACK*  ppStack);
                D3DXCreateMatrixStack = (HRESULT (WINAPI *) (DWORD, LPD3DXMATRIXSTACK*)) SDL_LoadFunction(data->d3dxDLL, "D3DXCreateMatrixStack");
                if (D3DXCreateMatrixStack) {
                    D3DXCreateMatrixStack(0, &data->matrixStack);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!data->matrixStack) {
            if (data->d3dxDLL) SDL_UnloadObject(data->d3dxDLL);
        }
    }


    if (!data->d3d || !data->matrixStack) {
        SDL_free(renderer);
        SDL_free(data);
        SDL_SetError("Unable to create Direct3D interface");
        return NULL;
    }

    renderer->WindowEvent = D3D_WindowEvent;
    renderer->CreateTexture = D3D_CreateTexture;
    renderer->UpdateTexture = D3D_UpdateTexture;
    renderer->LockTexture = D3D_LockTexture;
    renderer->UnlockTexture = D3D_UnlockTexture;
    renderer->SetRenderTarget = D3D_SetRenderTarget;
    renderer->UpdateViewport = D3D_UpdateViewport;
    renderer->UpdateClipRect = D3D_UpdateClipRect;
    renderer->RenderClear = D3D_RenderClear;
    renderer->RenderDrawPoints = D3D_RenderDrawPoints;
    renderer->RenderDrawLines = D3D_RenderDrawLines;
    renderer->RenderFillRects = D3D_RenderFillRects;
    renderer->RenderCopy = D3D_RenderCopy;
    renderer->RenderCopyEx = D3D_RenderCopyEx;
    renderer->RenderReadPixels = D3D_RenderReadPixels;
    renderer->RenderPresent = D3D_RenderPresent;
    renderer->DestroyTexture = D3D_DestroyTexture;
    renderer->DestroyRenderer = D3D_DestroyRenderer;
    renderer->info = D3D_RenderDriver.info;
    renderer->driverdata = data;

    renderer->info.flags = SDL_RENDERER_ACCELERATED;

    SDL_VERSION(&windowinfo.version);
    SDL_GetWindowWMInfo(window, &windowinfo);

    window_flags = SDL_GetWindowFlags(window);
    SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &w, &h);
    SDL_GetWindowDisplayMode(window, &fullscreen_mode);

    SDL_zero(pparams);
    pparams.hDeviceWindow = windowinfo.info.win.window;
    pparams.BackBufferWidth = w;
    pparams.BackBufferHeight = h;
    if (window_flags & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN) {
        pparams.BackBufferFormat =
            PixelFormatToD3DFMT(fullscreen_mode.format);
    } else {
        pparams.BackBufferFormat = D3DFMT_UNKNOWN;
    }
    pparams.BackBufferCount = 1;
    pparams.SwapEffect = D3DSWAPEFFECT_DISCARD;

    if (window_flags & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN) {
        if ( ( window_flags & SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP ) == SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP )  {
            pparams.Windowed = TRUE;
            pparams.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
        } else {
        pparams.Windowed = FALSE;
        pparams.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz =
            fullscreen_mode.refresh_rate;
        }
    } else {
        pparams.Windowed = TRUE;
        pparams.FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
    }
    if (flags & SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC) {
        pparams.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE;
    } else {
        pparams.PresentationInterval = D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE;
    }

    /* FIXME: Which adapter? */
    data->adapter = D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT;
    IDirect3D9_GetDeviceCaps(data->d3d, data->adapter, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &caps);

    result = IDirect3D9_CreateDevice(data->d3d, data->adapter,
                                     D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
                                     pparams.hDeviceWindow,
                                     D3DCREATE_FPU_PRESERVE | ((caps.
                                      DevCaps &
                                      D3DDEVCAPS_HWTRANSFORMANDLIGHT) ?
                                     D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING :
                                     D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING),
                                     &pparams, &data->device);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        D3D_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
        D3D_SetError("CreateDevice()", result);
        return NULL;
    }
    data->beginScene = SDL_TRUE;
    SDL_memset(data->scaleMode, 0xFF, sizeof(data->scaleMode));

    /* Get presentation parameters to fill info */
    result = IDirect3DDevice9_GetSwapChain(data->device, 0, &chain);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        D3D_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
        D3D_SetError("GetSwapChain()", result);
        return NULL;
    }
    result = IDirect3DSwapChain9_GetPresentParameters(chain, &pparams);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        IDirect3DSwapChain9_Release(chain);
        D3D_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
        D3D_SetError("GetPresentParameters()", result);
        return NULL;
    }
    IDirect3DSwapChain9_Release(chain);
    if (pparams.PresentationInterval == D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE) {
        renderer->info.flags |= SDL_RENDERER_PRESENTVSYNC;
    }
    data->pparams = pparams;

    IDirect3DDevice9_GetDeviceCaps(data->device, &caps);
    renderer->info.max_texture_width = caps.MaxTextureWidth;
    renderer->info.max_texture_height = caps.MaxTextureHeight;
    if (caps.NumSimultaneousRTs >= 2) {
        renderer->info.flags |= SDL_RENDERER_TARGETTEXTURE;
    }

    if (caps.PrimitiveMiscCaps & D3DPMISCCAPS_SEPARATEALPHABLEND) {
        data->enableSeparateAlphaBlend = SDL_TRUE;
    }

    /* Set up parameters for rendering */
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetVertexShader(data->device, NULL);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetFVF(data->device,
                            D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE | D3DFVF_TEX1);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_ZENABLE, D3DZB_FALSE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_CULLMODE,
                                    D3DCULL_NONE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_LIGHTING, FALSE);
    /* Enable color modulation by diffuse color */
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_COLOROP,
                                          D3DTOP_MODULATE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1,
                                          D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2,
                                          D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
    /* Enable alpha modulation by diffuse alpha */
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP,
                                          D3DTOP_MODULATE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG1,
                                          D3DTA_TEXTURE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG2,
                                          D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
    /* Enable separate alpha blend function, if possible */
    if (data->enableSeparateAlphaBlend) {
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SEPARATEALPHABLENDENABLE, TRUE);
    }
    /* Disable second texture stage, since we're done */
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 1, D3DTSS_COLOROP,
                                          D3DTOP_DISABLE);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTextureStageState(data->device, 1, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP,
                                          D3DTOP_DISABLE);

    /* Store the default render target */
    IDirect3DDevice9_GetRenderTarget(data->device, 0, &data->defaultRenderTarget );
    data->currentRenderTarget = NULL;

    /* Set an identity world and view matrix */
    matrix.m[0][0] = 1.0f;
    matrix.m[0][1] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[0][2] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[0][3] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[1][0] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[1][1] = 1.0f;
    matrix.m[1][2] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[1][3] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[2][0] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[2][1] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[2][2] = 1.0f;
    matrix.m[2][3] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[3][0] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[3][1] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[3][2] = 0.0f;
    matrix.m[3][3] = 1.0f;
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTransform(data->device, D3DTS_WORLD, &matrix);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTransform(data->device, D3DTS_VIEW, &matrix);

    if (caps.MaxSimultaneousTextures >= 3)
    {
#ifdef ASSEMBLE_SHADER
        /* This shader was created by running the following HLSL through the fxc compiler
           and then tuning the generated assembly.

           fxc /T fx_4_0 /O3 /Gfa /Fc yuv.fxc yuv.fx

           --- yuv.fx ---
           Texture2D g_txY;
           Texture2D g_txU;
           Texture2D g_txV;

           SamplerState samLinear
           {
               Filter = ANISOTROPIC;
               AddressU = Clamp;
               AddressV = Clamp;
               MaxAnisotropy = 1;
           };

           struct VS_OUTPUT
           {
                float2 TextureUV  : TEXCOORD0;
           };

           struct PS_OUTPUT
           {
                float4 RGBAColor : SV_Target;
           };

           PS_OUTPUT YUV420( VS_OUTPUT In ) 
           {
               const float3 offset = {-0.0625, -0.5, -0.5};
               const float3 Rcoeff = {1.164,  0.000,  1.596};
               const float3 Gcoeff = {1.164, -0.391, -0.813};
               const float3 Bcoeff = {1.164,  2.018,  0.000};

               PS_OUTPUT Output;
               float2 TextureUV = In.TextureUV;

               float3 yuv;
               yuv.x = g_txY.Sample( samLinear, TextureUV ).r;
               yuv.y = g_txU.Sample( samLinear, TextureUV ).r;
               yuv.z = g_txV.Sample( samLinear, TextureUV ).r;

               yuv += offset;
               Output.RGBAColor.r = dot(yuv, Rcoeff);
               Output.RGBAColor.g = dot(yuv, Gcoeff);
               Output.RGBAColor.b = dot(yuv, Bcoeff);
               Output.RGBAColor.a = 1.0f;

               return Output;
           }

           technique10 RenderYUV420
           {
               pass P0
               {
                    SetPixelShader( CompileShader( ps_4_0_level_9_0, YUV420() ) );
               }
           }
        */
        const char *shader_text =
            "ps_2_0\n"
            "def c0, -0.0625, -0.5, -0.5, 1\n"
            "def c1, 1.16400003, 0, 1.59599996, 0\n"
            "def c2, 1.16400003, -0.391000003, -0.813000023, 0\n"
            "def c3, 1.16400003, 2.01799989, 0, 0\n"
            "dcl t0.xy\n"
            "dcl v0.xyzw\n"
            "dcl_2d s0\n"
            "dcl_2d s1\n"
            "dcl_2d s2\n"
            "texld r0, t0, s0\n"
            "texld r1, t0, s1\n"
            "texld r2, t0, s2\n"
            "mov r0.y, r1.x\n"
            "mov r0.z, r2.x\n"
            "add r0.xyz, r0, c0\n"
            "dp3 r1.x, r0, c1\n"
            "dp3 r1.y, r0, c2\n"
            "dp2add r1.z, r0, c3, c3.z\n"   /* Logically this is "dp3 r1.z, r0, c3" but the optimizer did its magic */
            "mov r1.w, c0.w\n"
            "mul r0, r1, v0\n"              /* Not in the HLSL, multiply by vertex color */
            "mov oC0, r0\n"
        ;
        LPD3DXBUFFER pCode;
        LPD3DXBUFFER pErrorMsgs;
        LPDWORD shader_data = NULL;
        DWORD   shader_size = 0;
        result = D3DXAssembleShader(shader_text, SDL_strlen(shader_text), NULL, NULL, 0, &pCode, &pErrorMsgs);
        if (!FAILED(result)) {
            shader_data = (DWORD*)pCode->lpVtbl->GetBufferPointer(pCode);
            shader_size = pCode->lpVtbl->GetBufferSize(pCode);
            PrintShaderData(shader_data, shader_size);
        } else {
            const char *error = (const char *)pErrorMsgs->lpVtbl->GetBufferPointer(pErrorMsgs);
            SDL_SetError("Couldn't assemble shader: %s", error);
        }
#else
        const DWORD shader_data[] = {
            0xffff0200, 0x05000051, 0xa00f0000, 0xbd800000, 0xbf000000, 0xbf000000,
            0x3f800000, 0x05000051, 0xa00f0001, 0x3f94fdf4, 0x00000000, 0x3fcc49ba,
            0x00000000, 0x05000051, 0xa00f0002, 0x3f94fdf4, 0xbec83127, 0xbf5020c5,
            0x00000000, 0x05000051, 0xa00f0003, 0x3f94fdf4, 0x400126e9, 0x00000000,
            0x00000000, 0x0200001f, 0x80000000, 0xb0030000, 0x0200001f, 0x80000000,
            0x900f0000, 0x0200001f, 0x90000000, 0xa00f0800, 0x0200001f, 0x90000000,
            0xa00f0801, 0x0200001f, 0x90000000, 0xa00f0802, 0x03000042, 0x800f0000,
            0xb0e40000, 0xa0e40800, 0x03000042, 0x800f0001, 0xb0e40000, 0xa0e40801,
            0x03000042, 0x800f0002, 0xb0e40000, 0xa0e40802, 0x02000001, 0x80020000,
            0x80000001, 0x02000001, 0x80040000, 0x80000002, 0x03000002, 0x80070000,
            0x80e40000, 0xa0e40000, 0x03000008, 0x80010001, 0x80e40000, 0xa0e40001,
            0x03000008, 0x80020001, 0x80e40000, 0xa0e40002, 0x0400005a, 0x80040001,
            0x80e40000, 0xa0e40003, 0xa0aa0003, 0x02000001, 0x80080001, 0xa0ff0000,
            0x03000005, 0x800f0000, 0x80e40001, 0x90e40000, 0x02000001, 0x800f0800,
            0x80e40000, 0x0000ffff
        };
#endif
        if (shader_data != NULL) {
            result = IDirect3DDevice9_CreatePixelShader(data->device, shader_data, &data->ps_yuv);
            if (!FAILED(result)) {
                renderer->info.texture_formats[renderer->info.num_texture_formats++] = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12;
                renderer->info.texture_formats[renderer->info.num_texture_formats++] = SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV;
            } else {
                D3D_SetError("CreatePixelShader()", result);
            }
        }
    }

    return renderer;
}

static void
D3D_WindowEvent(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_WindowEvent *event)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;

    if (event->event == SDL_WINDOWEVENT_SIZE_CHANGED) {
        data->updateSize = SDL_TRUE;
    }
}

static D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE
GetScaleQuality(void)
{
    const char *hint = SDL_GetHint(SDL_HINT_RENDER_SCALE_QUALITY);

    if (!hint || *hint == '0' || SDL_strcasecmp(hint, "nearest") == 0) {
        return D3DTEXF_POINT;
    } else /*if (*hint == '1' || SDL_strcasecmp(hint, "linear") == 0)*/ {
        return D3DTEXF_LINEAR;
    }
}

static int
D3D_CreateTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture)
{
    D3D_RenderData *renderdata = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3D_TextureData *data;
    D3DPOOL pool;
    DWORD usage;
    HRESULT result;

    data = (D3D_TextureData *) SDL_calloc(1, sizeof(*data));
    if (!data) {
        return SDL_OutOfMemory();
    }
    data->scaleMode = GetScaleQuality();

    texture->driverdata = data;

#ifdef USE_DYNAMIC_TEXTURE
    if (texture->access == SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING) {
        pool = D3DPOOL_DEFAULT;
        usage = D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC;
    } else
#endif
    if (texture->access == SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET) {
        /* D3DPOOL_MANAGED does not work with D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET */
        pool = D3DPOOL_DEFAULT;
        usage = D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET;
    } else {
        pool = D3DPOOL_MANAGED;
        usage = 0;
    }

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_CreateTexture(renderdata->device, texture->w,
                                       texture->h, 1, usage,
                                       PixelFormatToD3DFMT(texture->format),
                                       pool, &data->texture, NULL);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("CreateTexture()", result);
    }

    if (texture->format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12 ||
        texture->format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_IYUV) {
        data->yuv = SDL_TRUE;

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_CreateTexture(renderdata->device, texture->w / 2,
                                           texture->h / 2, 1, usage,
                                           PixelFormatToD3DFMT(texture->format),
                                           pool, &data->utexture, NULL);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("CreateTexture()", result);
        }

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_CreateTexture(renderdata->device, texture->w / 2,
                                           texture->h / 2, 1, usage,
                                           PixelFormatToD3DFMT(texture->format),
                                           pool, &data->vtexture, NULL);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("CreateTexture()", result);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_UpdateTextureInternal(IDirect3DTexture9 *texture, Uint32 format, SDL_bool full_texture, int x, int y, int w, int h, const void *pixels, int pitch)
{
    RECT d3drect;
    D3DLOCKED_RECT locked;
    const Uint8 *src;
    Uint8 *dst;
    int row, length;
    HRESULT result;

    if (full_texture) {
        result = IDirect3DTexture9_LockRect(texture, 0, &locked, NULL, D3DLOCK_DISCARD);
    } else {
        d3drect.left = x;
        d3drect.right = x + w;
        d3drect.top = y;
        d3drect.bottom = y + h;
        result = IDirect3DTexture9_LockRect(texture, 0, &locked, &d3drect, 0);
    }

    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("LockRect()", result);
    }

    src = (const Uint8 *)pixels;
    dst = locked.pBits;
    length = w * SDL_BYTESPERPIXEL(format);
    if (length == pitch && length == locked.Pitch) {
        SDL_memcpy(dst, src, length*h);
    } else {
        for (row = 0; row < h; ++row) {
            SDL_memcpy(dst, src, length);
            src += pitch;
            dst += locked.Pitch;
        }
    }
    IDirect3DTexture9_UnlockRect(texture, 0);

    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_UpdateTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                  const SDL_Rect * rect, const void *pixels, int pitch)
{
    D3D_TextureData *data = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;
    SDL_bool full_texture = SDL_FALSE;

#ifdef USE_DYNAMIC_TEXTURE
    if (texture->access == SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING &&
        rect->x == 0 && rect->y == 0 &&
        rect->w == texture->w && rect->h == texture->h) {
        full_texture = SDL_TRUE;
    }
#endif

    if (D3D_UpdateTextureInternal(data->texture, texture->format, full_texture, rect->x, rect->y, rect->w, rect->h, pixels, pitch) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    if (data->yuv) {
        /* Skip to the correct offset into the next texture */
        pixels = (const void*)((const Uint8*)pixels + rect->h * pitch);

        if (D3D_UpdateTextureInternal(texture->format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12 ? data->vtexture : data->utexture, texture->format, full_texture, rect->x / 2, rect->y / 2, rect->w / 2, rect->h / 2, pixels, pitch / 2) < 0) {
            return -1;
        }

        /* Skip to the correct offset into the next texture */
        pixels = (const void*)((const Uint8*)pixels + (rect->h * pitch)/4);
        if (D3D_UpdateTextureInternal(texture->format == SDL_PIXELFORMAT_YV12 ? data->utexture : data->vtexture, texture->format, full_texture, rect->x / 2, rect->y / 2, rect->w / 2, rect->h / 2, pixels, pitch / 2) < 0) {
            return -1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_LockTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
                const SDL_Rect * rect, void **pixels, int *pitch)
{
    D3D_TextureData *data = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;
    RECT d3drect;
    D3DLOCKED_RECT locked;
    HRESULT result;

    if (data->yuv) {
        // It's more efficient to upload directly...
        if (!data->pixels) {
            data->pitch = texture->w;
            data->pixels = (Uint8 *)SDL_malloc((texture->h * data->pitch * 3) / 2);
            if (!data->pixels) {
                return SDL_OutOfMemory();
            }
        }
        data->locked_rect = *rect;
        *pixels =
            (void *) ((Uint8 *) data->pixels + rect->y * data->pitch +
                      rect->x * SDL_BYTESPERPIXEL(texture->format));
        *pitch = data->pitch;
    } else {
        d3drect.left = rect->x;
        d3drect.right = rect->x + rect->w;
        d3drect.top = rect->y;
        d3drect.bottom = rect->y + rect->h;

        result = IDirect3DTexture9_LockRect(data->texture, 0, &locked, &d3drect, 0);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("LockRect()", result);
        }
        *pixels = locked.pBits;
        *pitch = locked.Pitch;
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
D3D_UnlockTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture)
{
    D3D_TextureData *data = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;

    if (data->yuv) {
        const SDL_Rect *rect = &data->locked_rect;
        void *pixels =
            (void *) ((Uint8 *) data->pixels + rect->y * data->pitch +
                      rect->x * SDL_BYTESPERPIXEL(texture->format));
        D3D_UpdateTexture(renderer, texture, rect, pixels, data->pitch);
    } else {
        IDirect3DTexture9_UnlockRect(data->texture, 0);
    }
}

static int
D3D_SetRenderTarget(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3D_TextureData *texturedata;
    HRESULT result;

    D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer);

    /* Release the previous render target if it wasn't the default one */
    if (data->currentRenderTarget != NULL) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(data->currentRenderTarget);
        data->currentRenderTarget = NULL;
    }

    if (texture == NULL) {
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderTarget(data->device, 0, data->defaultRenderTarget);
        return 0;
    }

    texturedata = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;
    result = IDirect3DTexture9_GetSurfaceLevel(texturedata->texture, 0, &data->currentRenderTarget);
    if(FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("GetSurfaceLevel()", result);
    }
    result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderTarget(data->device, 0, data->currentRenderTarget);
    if(FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetRenderTarget()", result);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_UpdateViewport(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3DVIEWPORT9 viewport;
    D3DMATRIX matrix;

    /* Set the viewport */
    viewport.X = renderer->viewport.x;
    viewport.Y = renderer->viewport.y;
    viewport.Width = renderer->viewport.w;
    viewport.Height = renderer->viewport.h;
    viewport.MinZ = 0.0f;
    viewport.MaxZ = 1.0f;
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetViewport(data->device, &viewport);

    /* Set an orthographic projection matrix */
    if (renderer->viewport.w && renderer->viewport.h) {
        matrix.m[0][0] = 2.0f / renderer->viewport.w;
        matrix.m[0][1] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[0][2] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[0][3] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[1][0] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[1][1] = -2.0f / renderer->viewport.h;
        matrix.m[1][2] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[1][3] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[2][0] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[2][1] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[2][2] = 1.0f;
        matrix.m[2][3] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[3][0] = -1.0f;
        matrix.m[3][1] = 1.0f;
        matrix.m[3][2] = 0.0f;
        matrix.m[3][3] = 1.0f;
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTransform(data->device, D3DTS_PROJECTION, &matrix);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_UpdateClipRect(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    const SDL_Rect *rect = &renderer->clip_rect;
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    RECT r;
    HRESULT result;

    if (!SDL_RectEmpty(rect)) {
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SCISSORTESTENABLE, TRUE);
        r.left = rect->x;
        r.top = rect->y;
        r.right = rect->x + rect->w;
        r.bottom = rect->y + rect->h;

        result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetScissorRect(data->device, &r);
        if (result != D3D_OK) {
            D3D_SetError("SetScissor()", result);
            return -1;
        }
    } else {
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SCISSORTESTENABLE, FALSE);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_RenderClear(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    DWORD color;
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(renderer->a, renderer->r, renderer->g, renderer->b);

    /* Don't reset the viewport if we don't have to! */
    if (!renderer->viewport.x && !renderer->viewport.y &&
        renderer->viewport.w == data->pparams.BackBufferWidth &&
        renderer->viewport.h == data->pparams.BackBufferHeight) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_Clear(data->device, 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, color, 0.0f, 0);
    } else {
        D3DVIEWPORT9 viewport;

        /* Clear is defined to clear the entire render target */
        viewport.X = 0;
        viewport.Y = 0;
        viewport.Width = data->pparams.BackBufferWidth;
        viewport.Height = data->pparams.BackBufferHeight;
        viewport.MinZ = 0.0f;
        viewport.MaxZ = 1.0f;
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetViewport(data->device, &viewport);

        result = IDirect3DDevice9_Clear(data->device, 0, NULL, D3DCLEAR_TARGET, color, 0.0f, 0);

        /* Reset the viewport */
        viewport.X = renderer->viewport.x;
        viewport.Y = renderer->viewport.y;
        viewport.Width = renderer->viewport.w;
        viewport.Height = renderer->viewport.h;
        viewport.MinZ = 0.0f;
        viewport.MaxZ = 1.0f;
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetViewport(data->device, &viewport);
    }

    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("Clear()", result);
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
D3D_SetBlendMode(D3D_RenderData * data, int blendMode)
{
    switch (blendMode) {
    case SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE:
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,
                                        FALSE);
        break;
    case SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND:
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,
                                        TRUE);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
        if (data->enableSeparateAlphaBlend) {
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_ONE);
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
        }
        break;
    case SDL_BLENDMODE_ADD:
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,
                                        TRUE);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_ONE);
        if (data->enableSeparateAlphaBlend) {
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_ZERO);
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_ONE);
        }
        break;
    case SDL_BLENDMODE_MOD:
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE,
                                        TRUE);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_ZERO);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLEND,
                                        D3DBLEND_SRCCOLOR);
        if (data->enableSeparateAlphaBlend) {
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_SRCBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_ZERO);
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetRenderState(data->device, D3DRS_DESTBLENDALPHA,
                                            D3DBLEND_ONE);
        }
        break;
    }
}

static int
D3D_RenderDrawPoints(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_FPoint * points,
                     int count)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    DWORD color;
    Vertex *vertices;
    int i;
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    D3D_SetBlendMode(data, renderer->blendMode);

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 0,
                                    (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *) 0);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
    }

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(renderer->a, renderer->r, renderer->g, renderer->b);

    vertices = SDL_stack_alloc(Vertex, count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        vertices[i].x = points[i].x;
        vertices[i].y = points[i].y;
        vertices[i].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[i].color = color;
        vertices[i].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[i].v = 0.0f;
    }
    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_POINTLIST, count,
                                         vertices, sizeof(*vertices));
    SDL_stack_free(vertices);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("DrawPrimitiveUP()", result);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_RenderDrawLines(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_FPoint * points,
                    int count)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    DWORD color;
    Vertex *vertices;
    int i;
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    D3D_SetBlendMode(data, renderer->blendMode);

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 0,
                                    (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *) 0);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
    }

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(renderer->a, renderer->r, renderer->g, renderer->b);

    vertices = SDL_stack_alloc(Vertex, count);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        vertices[i].x = points[i].x;
        vertices[i].y = points[i].y;
        vertices[i].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[i].color = color;
        vertices[i].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[i].v = 0.0f;
    }
    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_LINESTRIP, count-1,
                                         vertices, sizeof(*vertices));

    /* DirectX 9 has the same line rasterization semantics as GDI,
       so we need to close the endpoint of the line */
    if (count == 2 ||
        points[0].x != points[count-1].x || points[0].y != points[count-1].y) {
        vertices[0].x = points[count-1].x;
        vertices[0].y = points[count-1].y;
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_POINTLIST, 1, vertices, sizeof(*vertices));
    }

    SDL_stack_free(vertices);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("DrawPrimitiveUP()", result);
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_RenderFillRects(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_FRect * rects,
                    int count)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    DWORD color;
    int i;
    float minx, miny, maxx, maxy;
    Vertex vertices[4];
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    D3D_SetBlendMode(data, renderer->blendMode);

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 0,
                                    (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *) 0);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
    }

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(renderer->a, renderer->r, renderer->g, renderer->b);

    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        const SDL_FRect *rect = &rects[i];

        minx = rect->x;
        miny = rect->y;
        maxx = rect->x + rect->w;
        maxy = rect->y + rect->h;

        vertices[0].x = minx;
        vertices[0].y = miny;
        vertices[0].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[0].color = color;
        vertices[0].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[0].v = 0.0f;

        vertices[1].x = maxx;
        vertices[1].y = miny;
        vertices[1].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[1].color = color;
        vertices[1].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[1].v = 0.0f;

        vertices[2].x = maxx;
        vertices[2].y = maxy;
        vertices[2].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[2].color = color;
        vertices[2].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[2].v = 0.0f;

        vertices[3].x = minx;
        vertices[3].y = maxy;
        vertices[3].z = 0.0f;
        vertices[3].color = color;
        vertices[3].u = 0.0f;
        vertices[3].v = 0.0f;

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN,
                                             2, vertices, sizeof(*vertices));
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("DrawPrimitiveUP()", result);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(D3D_RenderData *data, D3D_TextureData *texturedata, unsigned index)
{
    if (texturedata->scaleMode != data->scaleMode[index]) {
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetSamplerState(data->device, index, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER,
                                         texturedata->scaleMode);
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetSamplerState(data->device, index, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER,
                                         texturedata->scaleMode);
        data->scaleMode[index] = texturedata->scaleMode;
    }
}

static int
D3D_RenderCopy(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
               const SDL_Rect * srcrect, const SDL_FRect * dstrect)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3D_TextureData *texturedata = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;
    LPDIRECT3DPIXELSHADER9 shader = NULL;
    float minx, miny, maxx, maxy;
    float minu, maxu, minv, maxv;
    DWORD color;
    Vertex vertices[4];
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    minx = dstrect->x - 0.5f;
    miny = dstrect->y - 0.5f;
    maxx = dstrect->x + dstrect->w - 0.5f;
    maxy = dstrect->y + dstrect->h - 0.5f;

    minu = (float) srcrect->x / texture->w;
    maxu = (float) (srcrect->x + srcrect->w) / texture->w;
    minv = (float) srcrect->y / texture->h;
    maxv = (float) (srcrect->y + srcrect->h) / texture->h;

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(texture->a, texture->r, texture->g, texture->b);

    vertices[0].x = minx;
    vertices[0].y = miny;
    vertices[0].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[0].color = color;
    vertices[0].u = minu;
    vertices[0].v = minv;

    vertices[1].x = maxx;
    vertices[1].y = miny;
    vertices[1].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[1].color = color;
    vertices[1].u = maxu;
    vertices[1].v = minv;

    vertices[2].x = maxx;
    vertices[2].y = maxy;
    vertices[2].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[2].color = color;
    vertices[2].u = maxu;
    vertices[2].v = maxv;

    vertices[3].x = minx;
    vertices[3].y = maxy;
    vertices[3].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[3].color = color;
    vertices[3].u = minu;
    vertices[3].v = maxv;

    D3D_SetBlendMode(data, texture->blendMode);

    D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 0);

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 0, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                    texturedata->texture);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
    }

    if (texturedata->yuv) {
        shader = data->ps_yuv;

        D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 1);
        D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 2);

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 1, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                        texturedata->utexture);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
        }

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 2, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                        texturedata->vtexture);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
        }
    }

    if (shader) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetPixelShader(data->device, shader);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetShader()", result);
        }
    }
    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 2,
                                         vertices, sizeof(*vertices));
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("DrawPrimitiveUP()", result);
    }
    if (shader) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetPixelShader(data->device, NULL);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetShader()", result);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}


static int
D3D_RenderCopyEx(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture,
               const SDL_Rect * srcrect, const SDL_FRect * dstrect,
               const double angle, const SDL_FPoint * center, const SDL_RendererFlip flip)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3D_TextureData *texturedata = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;
    LPDIRECT3DPIXELSHADER9 shader = NULL;
    float minx, miny, maxx, maxy;
    float minu, maxu, minv, maxv;
    float centerx, centery;
    DWORD color;
    Vertex vertices[4];
    HRESULT result;

    if (D3D_ActivateRenderer(renderer) < 0) {
        return -1;
    }

    centerx = center->x;
    centery = center->y;

    if (flip & SDL_FLIP_HORIZONTAL) {
        minx = dstrect->w - centerx - 0.5f;
        maxx = -centerx - 0.5f;
    }
    else {
        minx = -centerx - 0.5f;
        maxx = dstrect->w - centerx - 0.5f;
    }

    if (flip & SDL_FLIP_VERTICAL) {
        miny = dstrect->h - centery - 0.5f;
        maxy = -centery - 0.5f;
    }
    else {
        miny = -centery - 0.5f;
        maxy = dstrect->h - centery - 0.5f;
    }

    minu = (float) srcrect->x / texture->w;
    maxu = (float) (srcrect->x + srcrect->w) / texture->w;
    minv = (float) srcrect->y / texture->h;
    maxv = (float) (srcrect->y + srcrect->h) / texture->h;

    color = D3DCOLOR_ARGB(texture->a, texture->r, texture->g, texture->b);

    vertices[0].x = minx;
    vertices[0].y = miny;
    vertices[0].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[0].color = color;
    vertices[0].u = minu;
    vertices[0].v = minv;

    vertices[1].x = maxx;
    vertices[1].y = miny;
    vertices[1].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[1].color = color;
    vertices[1].u = maxu;
    vertices[1].v = minv;

    vertices[2].x = maxx;
    vertices[2].y = maxy;
    vertices[2].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[2].color = color;
    vertices[2].u = maxu;
    vertices[2].v = maxv;

    vertices[3].x = minx;
    vertices[3].y = maxy;
    vertices[3].z = 0.0f;
    vertices[3].color = color;
    vertices[3].u = minu;
    vertices[3].v = maxv;

    D3D_SetBlendMode(data, texture->blendMode);

    /* Rotate and translate */
    ID3DXMatrixStack_Push(data->matrixStack);
    ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadIdentity(data->matrixStack);
    ID3DXMatrixStack_RotateYawPitchRoll(data->matrixStack, 0.0, 0.0, (float)(M_PI * (float) angle / 180.0f));
    ID3DXMatrixStack_Translate(data->matrixStack, (float)dstrect->x + centerx, (float)dstrect->y + centery, (float)0.0);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTransform(data->device, D3DTS_VIEW, (D3DMATRIX*)ID3DXMatrixStack_GetTop(data->matrixStack));

    D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 0);

    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 0, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                    texturedata->texture);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
    }

    if (texturedata->yuv) {
        shader = data->ps_yuv;

        D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 1);
        D3D_UpdateTextureScaleMode(data, texturedata, 2);

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 1, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                        texturedata->utexture);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
        }

        result =
            IDirect3DDevice9_SetTexture(data->device, 2, (IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *)
                                        texturedata->vtexture);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetTexture()", result);
        }
    }

    if (shader) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetPixelShader(data->device, shader);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetShader()", result);
        }
    }
    result =
        IDirect3DDevice9_DrawPrimitiveUP(data->device, D3DPT_TRIANGLEFAN, 2,
                                         vertices, sizeof(*vertices));
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("DrawPrimitiveUP()", result);
    }
    if (shader) {
        result = IDirect3DDevice9_SetPixelShader(data->device, NULL);
        if (FAILED(result)) {
            return D3D_SetError("SetShader()", result);
        }
    }
    ID3DXMatrixStack_Pop(data->matrixStack);
    ID3DXMatrixStack_Push(data->matrixStack);
    ID3DXMatrixStack_LoadIdentity(data->matrixStack);
    IDirect3DDevice9_SetTransform(data->device, D3DTS_VIEW, (D3DMATRIX*)ID3DXMatrixStack_GetTop(data->matrixStack));
    ID3DXMatrixStack_Pop(data->matrixStack);
    return 0;
}

static int
D3D_RenderReadPixels(SDL_Renderer * renderer, const SDL_Rect * rect,
                     Uint32 format, void * pixels, int pitch)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    D3DSURFACE_DESC desc;
    LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 backBuffer;
    LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 surface;
    RECT d3drect;
    D3DLOCKED_RECT locked;
    HRESULT result;

    result = IDirect3DDevice9_GetBackBuffer(data->device, 0, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &backBuffer);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        return D3D_SetError("GetBackBuffer()", result);
    }

    result = IDirect3DSurface9_GetDesc(backBuffer, &desc);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(backBuffer);
        return D3D_SetError("GetDesc()", result);
    }

    result = IDirect3DDevice9_CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(data->device, desc.Width, desc.Height, desc.Format, D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM, &surface, NULL);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(backBuffer);
        return D3D_SetError("CreateOffscreenPlainSurface()", result);
    }

    result = IDirect3DDevice9_GetRenderTargetData(data->device, backBuffer, surface);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(surface);
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(backBuffer);
        return D3D_SetError("GetRenderTargetData()", result);
    }

    d3drect.left = rect->x;
    d3drect.right = rect->x + rect->w;
    d3drect.top = rect->y;
    d3drect.bottom = rect->y + rect->h;

    result = IDirect3DSurface9_LockRect(surface, &locked, &d3drect, D3DLOCK_READONLY);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(surface);
        IDirect3DSurface9_Release(backBuffer);
        return D3D_SetError("LockRect()", result);
    }

    SDL_ConvertPixels(rect->w, rect->h,
                      D3DFMTToPixelFormat(desc.Format), locked.pBits, locked.Pitch,
                      format, pixels, pitch);

    IDirect3DSurface9_UnlockRect(surface);

    IDirect3DSurface9_Release(surface);
    IDirect3DSurface9_Release(backBuffer);

    return 0;
}

static void
D3D_RenderPresent(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;
    HRESULT result;

    if (!data->beginScene) {
        IDirect3DDevice9_EndScene(data->device);
        data->beginScene = SDL_TRUE;
    }

    result = IDirect3DDevice9_TestCooperativeLevel(data->device);
    if (result == D3DERR_DEVICELOST) {
        /* We'll reset later */
        return;
    }
    if (result == D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET) {
        D3D_Reset(renderer);
    }
    result = IDirect3DDevice9_Present(data->device, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
    if (FAILED(result)) {
        D3D_SetError("Present()", result);
    }
}

static void
D3D_DestroyTexture(SDL_Renderer * renderer, SDL_Texture * texture)
{
    D3D_TextureData *data = (D3D_TextureData *) texture->driverdata;

    if (!data) {
        return;
    }
    if (data->texture) {
        IDirect3DTexture9_Release(data->texture);
    }
    if (data->utexture) {
        IDirect3DTexture9_Release(data->utexture);
    }
    if (data->vtexture) {
        IDirect3DTexture9_Release(data->vtexture);
    }
    if (data->pixels) {
        SDL_free(data->pixels);
    }
    SDL_free(data);
    texture->driverdata = NULL;
}

static void
D3D_DestroyRenderer(SDL_Renderer * renderer)
{
    D3D_RenderData *data = (D3D_RenderData *) renderer->driverdata;

    if (data) {
        /* Release the render target */
        if (data->defaultRenderTarget) {
            IDirect3DSurface9_Release(data->defaultRenderTarget);
            data->defaultRenderTarget = NULL;
        }
        if (data->currentRenderTarget != NULL) {
            IDirect3DSurface9_Release(data->currentRenderTarget);
            data->currentRenderTarget = NULL;
        }

        if (data->device) {
            IDirect3DDevice9_Release(data->device);
        }
        if (data->d3d) {
            IDirect3D9_Release(data->d3d);
            ID3DXMatrixStack_Release(data->matrixStack);
            SDL_UnloadObject(data->d3dDLL);
        }
        SDL_free(data);
    }
    SDL_free(renderer);
}

#endif /* SDL_VIDEO_RENDER_D3D && !SDL_RENDER_DISABLED */

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