From da6d9a9f2a25ac5c69e8447033715e3d9a89045f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Sam Lantinga <slouken@libsdl.org>
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 2014 10:56:56 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Added annotations to help code analysis tools

CR: Bruce Dawson
---
 include/SDL_error.h                   |  2 +-
 include/SDL_log.h                     | 16 +++----
 include/SDL_stdinc.h                  | 68 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 include/SDL_test_assert.h             |  6 +--
 include/SDL_test_log.h                |  4 +-
 src/SDL_error.c                       |  2 +-
 src/SDL_log.c                         | 20 ++++----
 src/audio/SDL_wave.c                  |  3 +-
 src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi.c               | 14 +++---
 src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi_procs.h         | 40 ++++++++--------
 src/joystick/windows/SDL_dxjoystick.c |  7 +--
 src/power/SDL_power.c                 |  4 +-
 src/stdlib/SDL_string.c               | 24 +++++-----
 src/test/SDL_test_assert.c            |  6 +--
 src/test/SDL_test_log.c               |  4 +-
 src/video/SDL_video.c                 |  4 +-
 16 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/include/SDL_error.h b/include/SDL_error.h
index 5776cfa26015e..001abb0f9ad10 100644
--- a/include/SDL_error.h
+++ b/include/SDL_error.h
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ extern "C" {
 
 /* Public functions */
 /* SDL_SetError() unconditionally returns -1. */
-extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_SetError(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_SetError(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(1);
 extern DECLSPEC const char *SDLCALL SDL_GetError(void);
 extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_ClearError(void);
 
diff --git a/include/SDL_log.h b/include/SDL_log.h
index 5c2bca59320c5..ef4d443c551dc 100644
--- a/include/SDL_log.h
+++ b/include/SDL_log.h
@@ -137,44 +137,44 @@ extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogResetPriorities(void);
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION and SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_Log(const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_Log(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(1);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_VERBOSE
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogVerbose(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogVerbose(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogDebug(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogDebug(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogInfo(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogInfo(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_WARN
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogWarn(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogWarn(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_ERROR
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogError(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogError(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL
  */
-extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogCritical(int category, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogCritical(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with the specified category and priority.
  */
 extern DECLSPEC void SDLCALL SDL_LogMessage(int category,
                                             SDL_LogPriority priority,
-                                            const char *fmt, ...);
+                                            SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(3);
 
 /**
  *  \brief Log a message with the specified category and priority.
diff --git a/include/SDL_stdinc.h b/include/SDL_stdinc.h
index 31b343d303538..9c79ca56f8998 100644
--- a/include/SDL_stdinc.h
+++ b/include/SDL_stdinc.h
@@ -166,6 +166,50 @@ typedef uint64_t Uint64;
 /* @} *//* Basic data types */
 
 
+/* Annotations to help code analysis tools */
+#ifdef SDL_DISABLE_ANALYZE_MACROS
+#define SDL_IN_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING
+#define SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING
+#define SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber )
+#define SDL_SCANF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber )
+#else
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 /* VS 2010 and above */
+#include <sal.h>
+
+#define SDL_IN_BYTECAP(x) _In_bytecount_(x)
+#define SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(x) _Inout_z_cap_(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(x) _Out_z_cap_(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_CAP(x) _Out_cap_(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(x) _Out_bytecap_(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_BYTECAP(x) _Out_z_bytecap_(x)
+
+#define SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING _Printf_format_string_
+#define SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING _Scanf_format_string_impl_
+#else
+#define SDL_IN_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_CAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_OUT_Z_BYTECAP(x)
+#define SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING
+#define SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING
+#endif
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber ) __attribute__ (( format( __printf__, fmtargnumber, fmtargnumber+1 )))
+#define SDL_SCANF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber ) __attribute__ (( format( __scanf__, fmtargnumber, fmtargnumber+1 )))
+#else
+#define SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber )
+#define SDL_SCANF_VARARG_FUNC( fmtargnumber )
+#endif
+#endif /* SDL_DISABLE_ANALYSE_MACROS */
+
 #define SDL_COMPILE_TIME_ASSERT(name, x)               \
        typedef int SDL_dummy_ ## name[(x) * 2 - 1]
 /** \cond */
@@ -259,7 +303,7 @@ extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_isspace(int x);
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_toupper(int x);
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_tolower(int x);
 
-extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memset(void *dst, int c, size_t len);
+extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memset(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, int c, size_t len);
 
 #define SDL_zero(x) SDL_memset(&(x), 0, sizeof((x)))
 #define SDL_zerop(x) SDL_memset((x), 0, sizeof(*(x)))
@@ -294,24 +338,24 @@ SDL_FORCE_INLINE void SDL_memset4(void *dst, Uint32 val, size_t dwords)
 }
 
 
-extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len);
+extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memcpy(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(len) const void *src, size_t len);
 
-SDL_FORCE_INLINE void *SDL_memcpy4(void *dst, const void *src, size_t dwords)
+SDL_FORCE_INLINE void *SDL_memcpy4(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(dwords*4) void *dst, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(dwords*4) const void *src, size_t dwords)
 {
     return SDL_memcpy(dst, src, dwords * 4);
 }
 
-extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memmove(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len);
+extern DECLSPEC void *SDLCALL SDL_memmove(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(len) const void *src, size_t len);
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_memcmp(const void *s1, const void *s2, size_t len);
 
 extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_wcslen(const wchar_t *wstr);
-extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_wcslcpy(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen);
-extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_wcslcat(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen);
+extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_wcslcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen);
+extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_wcslcat(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen);
 
 extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_strlen(const char *str);
-extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen);
-extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_utf8strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dst_bytes);
-extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen);
+extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_strlcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen);
+extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_utf8strlcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(dst_bytes) char *dst, const char *src, size_t dst_bytes);
+extern DECLSPEC size_t SDLCALL SDL_strlcat(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen);
 extern DECLSPEC char *SDLCALL SDL_strdup(const char *str);
 extern DECLSPEC char *SDLCALL SDL_strrev(char *str);
 extern DECLSPEC char *SDLCALL SDL_strupr(char *str);
@@ -340,10 +384,10 @@ extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_strncmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_strcasecmp(const char *str1, const char *str2);
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_strncasecmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t len);
 
-extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_sscanf(const char *text, const char *fmt, ...);
+extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_sscanf(const char *text, SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_SCANF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_vsscanf(const char *text, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
-extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_snprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, ...);
-extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_vsnprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
+extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_snprintf(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *text, size_t maxlen, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ... ) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(3);
+extern DECLSPEC int SDLCALL SDL_vsnprintf(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap);
 
 #ifndef HAVE_M_PI
 #ifndef M_PI
diff --git a/include/SDL_test_assert.h b/include/SDL_test_assert.h
index 79c84d6064774..5b38f7ee643f5 100644
--- a/include/SDL_test_assert.h
+++ b/include/SDL_test_assert.h
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ extern "C" {
  * \param assertCondition Evaluated condition or variable to assert; fail (==0) or pass (!=0).
  * \param assertDescription Message to log with the assert describing it.
  */
-void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...);
+void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  * \brief Assert for test cases that logs but does not break execution flow on failures. Updates assertion counters.
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...);
  *
  * \returns Returns the assertCondition so it can be used to externally to break execution flow if desired.
  */
-int SDLTest_AssertCheck(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...);
+int SDLTest_AssertCheck(int assertCondition, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(2);
 
 /**
  * \brief Explicitely pass without checking an assertion condition. Updates assertion counter.
  *
  * \param assertDescription Message to log with the assert describing it.
  */
-void SDLTest_AssertPass(const char *assertDescription, ...);
+void SDLTest_AssertPass(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(1);
 
 /**
  * \brief Resets the assert summary counters to zero.
diff --git a/include/SDL_test_log.h b/include/SDL_test_log.h
index 76ce105835cea..2157954b822f6 100644
--- a/include/SDL_test_log.h
+++ b/include/SDL_test_log.h
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@ extern "C" {
  *
  * \param fmt Message to be logged
  */
-void SDLTest_Log(const char *fmt, ...);
+void SDLTest_Log(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(1);
 
 /**
  * \brief Prints given message with a timestamp in the TEST category and the ERROR priority.
  *
  * \param fmt Message to be logged
  */
-void SDLTest_LogError(const char *fmt, ...);
+void SDLTest_LogError(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) SDL_PRINTF_VARARG_FUNC(1);
 
 /* Ends C function definitions when using C++ */
 #ifdef __cplusplus
diff --git a/src/SDL_error.c b/src/SDL_error.c
index ecbf4507b1874..2df29aa131313 100644
--- a/src/SDL_error.c
+++ b/src/SDL_error.c
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ SDL_LookupString(const char *key)
 /* Public functions */
 
 int
-SDL_SetError(const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_SetError(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
     SDL_error *error;
diff --git a/src/SDL_log.c b/src/SDL_log.c
index 39aa3e4bf63d0..56d0b428937f6 100644
--- a/src/SDL_log.c
+++ b/src/SDL_log.c
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 /* Simple log messages in SDL */
 
+#include "SDL_error.h"
 #include "SDL_log.h"
 
 #if HAVE_STDIO_H
@@ -41,9 +42,6 @@
 #define DEFAULT_APPLICATION_PRIORITY    SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO
 #define DEFAULT_TEST_PRIORITY           SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_VERBOSE
 
-/* Forward definition of error function */
-extern int SDL_SetError(const char *fmt, ...);
-
 typedef struct SDL_LogLevel
 {
     int category;
@@ -172,7 +170,7 @@ SDL_LogResetPriorities(void)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_Log(const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_Log(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -182,7 +180,7 @@ SDL_Log(const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogVerbose(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogVerbose(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ SDL_LogVerbose(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogDebug(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogDebug(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -202,7 +200,7 @@ SDL_LogDebug(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogInfo(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogInfo(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ SDL_LogInfo(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogWarn(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogWarn(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -222,7 +220,7 @@ SDL_LogWarn(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogError(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogError(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -232,7 +230,7 @@ SDL_LogError(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogCritical(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogCritical(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
@@ -242,7 +240,7 @@ SDL_LogCritical(int category, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 void
-SDL_LogMessage(int category, SDL_LogPriority priority, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_LogMessage(int category, SDL_LogPriority priority, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
 
diff --git a/src/audio/SDL_wave.c b/src/audio/SDL_wave.c
index 903264ca9c64c..8daa8c6672fc7 100644
--- a/src/audio/SDL_wave.c
+++ b/src/audio/SDL_wave.c
@@ -493,8 +493,7 @@ SDL_LoadWAV_RW(SDL_RWops * src, int freesrc,
         IMA_ADPCM_encoded = 1;
         break;
     case MP3_CODE:
-        SDL_SetError("MPEG Layer 3 data not supported",
-                     SDL_SwapLE16(format->encoding));
+        SDL_SetError("MPEG Layer 3 data not supported");
         was_error = 1;
         goto done;
     default:
diff --git a/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi.c b/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi.c
index 220ec9ba2ccbb..c378699d4fcbd 100644
--- a/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi.c
+++ b/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi.c
@@ -56,38 +56,38 @@ static void SDL_InitDynamicAPI(void);
 #if DISABLE_JUMP_MAGIC
 /* Can't use the macro for varargs nonsense. This is atrocious. */
 #define SDL_DYNAPI_VARARGS_LOGFN(_static, name, initcall, logname, prio) \
-    _static void SDL_Log##logname##name(int category, const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static void SDL_Log##logname##name(int category, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
         jump_table.SDL_LogMessageV(category, SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_##prio, fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
     }
 
 #define SDL_DYNAPI_VARARGS(_static, name, initcall) \
-    _static int SDL_SetError##name(const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static int SDL_SetError##name(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         char buf[512]; /* !!! FIXME: dynamic allocation */ \
         va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
         jump_table.SDL_vsnprintf(buf, sizeof (buf), fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
         return jump_table.SDL_SetError("%s", buf); \
     } \
-    _static int SDL_sscanf##name(const char *buf, const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static int SDL_sscanf##name(const char *buf, SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         int retval; va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
         retval = jump_table.SDL_vsscanf(buf, fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
         return retval; \
     } \
-    _static int SDL_snprintf##name(char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static int SDL_snprintf##name(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *buf, size_t maxlen, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         int retval; va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
-        retval = jump_table.SDL_vsnprintf(buf, buflen, fmt, ap); \
+        retval = jump_table.SDL_vsnprintf(buf, maxlen, fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
         return retval; \
     } \
-    _static void SDL_Log##name(const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static void SDL_Log##name(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
         jump_table.SDL_LogMessageV(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, SDL_LOG_PRIORITY_INFO, fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
     } \
-    _static void SDL_LogMessage##name(int category, SDL_LogPriority priority, const char *fmt, ...) { \
+    _static void SDL_LogMessage##name(int category, SDL_LogPriority priority, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...) { \
         va_list ap; initcall; va_start(ap, fmt); \
         jump_table.SDL_LogMessageV(category, priority, fmt, ap); \
         va_end(ap); \
diff --git a/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi_procs.h b/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi_procs.h
index d39b19a04e188..44b9fd21f6339 100644
--- a/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi_procs.h
+++ b/src/dynapi/SDL_dynapi_procs.h
@@ -31,17 +31,17 @@
 
 /* direct jump magic can use these, the rest needs special code. */
 #if !SDL_DYNAPI_PROC_NO_VARARGS
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_SetError,(const char *a, ...),(a),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_Log,(const char *a, ...),(a),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogVerbose,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogDebug,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogInfo,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogWarn,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogError,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogCritical,(int a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogMessage,(int a, SDL_LogPriority b, const char *c, ...),(a,b,c),)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_sscanf,(const char *a, const char *b, ...),(a,b),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_snprintf,(char *a, size_t b, const char *c, ...),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_SetError,(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *a, ...),(a),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_Log,(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *a, ...),(a),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogVerbose,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogDebug,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogInfo,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogWarn,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogError,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogCritical,(int a, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void,SDL_LogMessage,(int a, SDL_LogPriority b, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *c, ...),(a,b,c),)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_sscanf,(const char *a, SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING const char *b, ...),(a,b),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_snprintf,(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(b) char *a, size_t b, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *c, ...),(a,b,c),return)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef SDL_CreateThread
@@ -418,17 +418,17 @@ SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_isdigit,(int a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_isspace,(int a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_toupper,(int a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_tolower,(int a),(a),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memset,(void *a, int b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memcpy,(void *a, const void *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memmove,(void *a, const void *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memset,(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(c) void *a, int b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memcpy,(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(c) void *a, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(c) const void *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(void*,SDL_memmove,(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(c) void *a, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(c) const void *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_memcmp,(const void *a, const void *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_wcslen,(const wchar_t *a),(a),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_wcslcpy,(wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_wcslcat,(wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_wcslcpy,(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(c) wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_wcslcat,(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(c) wchar_t *a, const wchar_t *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_strlen,(const char *a),(a),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_strlcpy,(char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_utf8strlcpy,(char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_strlcat,(char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_strlcpy,(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(c) char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_utf8strlcpy,(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(c) char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(size_t,SDL_strlcat,(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(c) char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(char*,SDL_strdup,(const char *a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(char*,SDL_strrev,(char *a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(char*,SDL_strupr,(char *a),(a),return)
@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_strcmp,(const char *a, const char *b),(a,b),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_strncmp,(const char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_strcasecmp,(const char *a, const char *b),(a,b),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_strncasecmp,(const char *a, const char *b, size_t c),(a,b,c),return)
-SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_vsnprintf,(char *a, size_t b, const char *c, va_list d),(a,b,c,d),return)
+SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(int,SDL_vsnprintf,(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(b) char *a, size_t b, const char *c, va_list d),(a,b,c,d),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(double,SDL_acos,(double a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(double,SDL_asin,(double a),(a),return)
 SDL_DYNAPI_PROC(double,SDL_atan,(double a),(a),return)
diff --git a/src/joystick/windows/SDL_dxjoystick.c b/src/joystick/windows/SDL_dxjoystick.c
index cd8fad02d131c..66c2e0f00e416 100644
--- a/src/joystick/windows/SDL_dxjoystick.c
+++ b/src/joystick/windows/SDL_dxjoystick.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 #if !SDL_EVENTS_DISABLED
 #include "../../events/SDL_events_c.h"
 #endif
+#include "../../core/windows/SDL_windows.h"
 
 #define INITGUID /* Only set here, if set twice will cause mingw32 to break. */
 #include "SDL_dxjoystick_c.h"
@@ -499,13 +500,13 @@ SDL_JoystickThread(void *_data)
 
     if (!RegisterClassEx (&wincl))
     {
-        return SDL_SetError("Failed to create register class for joystick autodetect.", GetLastError());
+		return WIN_SetError( "Failed to create register class for joystick autodetect");
     }
 
     messageWindow = (HWND)CreateWindowEx( 0,  L"Message", NULL, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, HWND_MESSAGE, NULL, NULL, NULL );
     if ( !messageWindow )
     {
-        return SDL_SetError("Failed to create message window for joystick autodetect.", GetLastError());
+        return WIN_SetError("Failed to create message window for joystick autodetect");
     }
 
     SDL_zero(dbh);
@@ -517,7 +518,7 @@ SDL_JoystickThread(void *_data)
     hNotify = RegisterDeviceNotification( messageWindow, &dbh, DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE );
     if ( !hNotify )
     {
-        return SDL_SetError("Failed to create notify device for joystick autodetect.", GetLastError());
+		return WIN_SetError( "Failed to create notify device for joystick autodetect");
     }
 
     SDL_LockMutex( s_mutexJoyStickEnum );
diff --git a/src/power/SDL_power.c b/src/power/SDL_power.c
index 10f8355f4745b..cc9ba396dce6b 100644
--- a/src/power/SDL_power.c
+++ b/src/power/SDL_power.c
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ SDL_GetPowerInfo(int *seconds, int *percent)
 {
     const int total = sizeof(implementations) / sizeof(implementations[0]);
     int _seconds, _percent;
-    SDL_PowerState retval;
+    SDL_PowerState retval = SDL_POWERSTATE_UNKNOWN;
     int i;
 
     /* Make these never NULL for platform-specific implementations. */
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ SDL_GetPowerInfo(int *seconds, int *percent)
     }
 
     for (i = 0; i < total; i++) {
-        if (implementations[i] (&retval, seconds, percent)) {
+        if (implementations[i](&retval, seconds, percent)) {
             return retval;
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/stdlib/SDL_string.c b/src/stdlib/SDL_string.c
index a9ca2674f79e2..733a2571abe79 100644
--- a/src/stdlib/SDL_string.c
+++ b/src/stdlib/SDL_string.c
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ SDL_ScanFloat(const char *text, double *valuep)
 #endif
 
 void *
-SDL_memset(void *dst, int c, size_t len)
+SDL_memset(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, int c, size_t len)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_MEMSET)
     return memset(dst, c, len);
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ SDL_memset(void *dst, int c, size_t len)
 }
 
 void *
-SDL_memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len)
+SDL_memcpy(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(len) const void *src, size_t len)
 {
 #ifdef __GNUC__
     /* Presumably this is well tuned for speed.
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ SDL_memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len)
 }
 
 void *
-SDL_memmove(void *dst, const void *src, size_t len)
+SDL_memmove(SDL_OUT_BYTECAP(len) void *dst, SDL_IN_BYTECAP(len) const void *src, size_t len)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_MEMMOVE)
     return memmove(dst, src, len);
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ SDL_wcslen(const wchar_t * string)
 }
 
 size_t
-SDL_wcslcpy(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
+SDL_wcslcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_WCSLCPY)
     return wcslcpy(dst, src, maxlen);
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ SDL_wcslcpy(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
 }
 
 size_t
-SDL_wcslcat(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
+SDL_wcslcat(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_WCSLCAT)
     return wcslcat(dst, src, maxlen);
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ SDL_wcslcat(wchar_t *dst, const wchar_t *src, size_t maxlen)
 }
 
 size_t
-SDL_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen)
+SDL_strlcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_STRLCPY)
     return strlcpy(dst, src, maxlen);
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ SDL_strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen)
 #endif /* HAVE_STRLCPY */
 }
 
-size_t SDL_utf8strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dst_bytes)
+size_t SDL_utf8strlcpy(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(dst_bytes) char *dst, const char *src, size_t dst_bytes)
 {
     size_t src_bytes = SDL_strlen(src);
     size_t bytes = SDL_min(src_bytes, dst_bytes - 1);
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ size_t SDL_utf8strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t dst_bytes)
 }
 
 size_t
-SDL_strlcat(char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen)
+SDL_strlcat(SDL_INOUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *dst, const char *src, size_t maxlen)
 {
 #if defined(HAVE_STRLCAT)
     return strlcat(dst, src, maxlen);
@@ -980,7 +980,7 @@ SDL_strncasecmp(const char *str1, const char *str2, size_t maxlen)
 }
 
 int
-SDL_sscanf(const char *text, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_sscanf(const char *text, SDL_SCANF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     int rc;
     va_list ap;
@@ -1261,7 +1261,7 @@ SDL_vsscanf(const char *text, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 #endif /* HAVE_VSSCANF */
 
 int
-SDL_snprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, ...)
+SDL_snprintf(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *text, size_t maxlen, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list ap;
     int retval;
@@ -1274,7 +1274,7 @@ SDL_snprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, ...)
 }
 
 #ifdef HAVE_VSNPRINTF
-int SDL_vsnprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+int SDL_vsnprintf(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
     return vsnprintf(text, maxlen, fmt, ap);
 }
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ SDL_PrintFloat(char *text, size_t maxlen, SDL_FormatInfo *info, double arg)
 }
 
 int
-SDL_vsnprintf(char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+SDL_vsnprintf(SDL_OUT_Z_CAP(maxlen) char *text, size_t maxlen, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
 {
     size_t left = maxlen;
     char *textstart = text;
diff --git a/src/test/SDL_test_assert.c b/src/test/SDL_test_assert.c
index 0a594932bfc41..93df3b364c433 100644
--- a/src/test/SDL_test_assert.c
+++ b/src/test/SDL_test_assert.c
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ static Uint32 SDLTest_AssertsPassed = 0;
 /*
  *  Assert that logs and break execution flow on failures (i.e. for harness errors).
  */
-void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...)
+void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...)
 {
         va_list list;
     char logMessage[SDLTEST_MAX_LOGMESSAGE_LENGTH];
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void SDLTest_Assert(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...)
 /*
  * Assert that logs but does not break execution flow on failures (i.e. for test cases).
  */
-int SDLTest_AssertCheck(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...)
+int SDLTest_AssertCheck(int assertCondition, SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...)
 {
     va_list list;
     char logMessage[SDLTEST_MAX_LOGMESSAGE_LENGTH];
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ int SDLTest_AssertCheck(int assertCondition, const char *assertDescription, ...)
 /*
  * Explicitly passing Assert that logs (i.e. for test cases).
  */
-void SDLTest_AssertPass(const char *assertDescription, ...)
+void SDLTest_AssertPass(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *assertDescription, ...)
 {
     va_list list;
     char logMessage[SDLTEST_MAX_LOGMESSAGE_LENGTH];
diff --git a/src/test/SDL_test_log.c b/src/test/SDL_test_log.c
index 9a083074cc480..6c076aac7823d 100644
--- a/src/test/SDL_test_log.c
+++ b/src/test/SDL_test_log.c
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ char *SDLTest_TimestampToString(const time_t timestamp)
 /*
  * Prints given message with a timestamp in the TEST category and INFO priority.
  */
-void SDLTest_Log(const char *fmt, ...)
+void SDLTest_Log(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list list;
     char logMessage[SDLTEST_MAX_LOGMESSAGE_LENGTH];
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ void SDLTest_Log(const char *fmt, ...)
 /*
  * Prints given message with a timestamp in the TEST category and the ERROR priority.
  */
-void SDLTest_LogError(const char *fmt, ...)
+void SDLTest_LogError(SDL_PRINTF_FORMAT_STRING const char *fmt, ...)
 {
     va_list list;
     char logMessage[SDLTEST_MAX_LOGMESSAGE_LENGTH];
diff --git a/src/video/SDL_video.c b/src/video/SDL_video.c
index 7599e582656c8..c3a2655589ccb 100644
--- a/src/video/SDL_video.c
+++ b/src/video/SDL_video.c
@@ -1093,7 +1093,9 @@ static void
 SDL_UpdateFullscreenMode(SDL_Window * window, SDL_bool fullscreen)
 {
     SDL_VideoDisplay *display;
-    SDL_Window *other;
+	SDL_Window *other;
+
+	CHECK_WINDOW_MAGIC(window,);
 
 #ifdef __MACOSX__
     if (Cocoa_SetWindowFullscreenSpace(window, fullscreen)) {