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><A
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>Initializing SDL</A
></H1
><P
>SDL is composed of eight subsystems - Audio, CDROM, Event Handling, File I/O, Joystick Handling, Threading, Timers and Video. Before you can use any of these subsystems they must be initialized by calling <A
HREF="sdlinit.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Init</TT
></A
> (or <A
HREF="sdlinitsubsystem.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_InitSubSystem</TT
></A
>). <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Init</TT
> must be called before any other SDL function. It automatically initializes the Event Handling, File I/O and Threading subsystems and it takes a parameter specifying which other subsystems to initialize. So, to initialize the default subsystems and the Video subsystems you would call:
<PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>    SDL_Init ( SDL_INIT_VIDEO );</PRE
>
To initialize the default subsystems, the Video subsystem and the Timers subsystem you would call:
<PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>    SDL_Init ( SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_TIMER );</PRE
></P
><P
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Init</TT
> is complemented by <A
HREF="sdlquit.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Quit</TT
></A
> (and <A
HREF="sdlquitsubsystem.html"
><TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_QuitSubSystem</TT
></A
>). <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Quit</TT
> shuts down all subsystems, including the default ones. It should always be called before a SDL application exits.</P
><P
>With <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Init</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Quit</TT
> firmly embedded in your programmers toolkit you can write your first and most basic SDL application. However, we must be prepare to handle errors. Many SDL functions return a value and indicates whether the function has succeeded or failed, <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_Init</TT
>, for instance, returns -1 if it could not initialize a subsystem. SDL provides a useful facility that allows you to determine exactly what the problem was, every time an error occurs within SDL an error message is stored which can be retrieved using <TT
CLASS="FUNCTION"
>SDL_GetError</TT
>. Use this often, you can never know too much about an error.</P
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><B
>Example 1-1. Initializing SDL</B
></P
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>#include "SDL.h"   /* All SDL App's need this */
#include &#60;stdio.h&#62;

int main() {
    
    printf("Initializing SDL.\n");
    
    /* Initialize defaults, Video and Audio */
    if((SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO|SDL_INIT_AUDIO)==-1)) { 
        printf("Could not initialize SDL: %s.\n", SDL_GetError());
        exit(-1);
    }

    printf("SDL initialized.\n");

    printf("Quiting SDL.\n");
    
    /* Shutdown all subsystems */
    SDL_Quit();
    
    printf("Quiting....\n");

    exit(0);
}&#13;</PRE
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